W3C发布HTML5正式推荐标准，开放Web平台迎来新的里程碑
在更坚实的基础上构建新一代Web技术
2014年10月28日，万维网联盟（World Wide Web Consortium, W3C）宣布发布HTML5的正式推荐标准（W3C Recommendation）。HTML5是万维网的核心语言 －可扩展标记语言的第5版。在这一版本中，增加了支持Web应用开发者的许多新特性，以及更符合开发者使用习惯的新元素，并重点关注定义清晰的、一致的准则，以确保Web应用和内容在不同用户代理（浏览器）中的互操作性。
万维网联盟创始人Tim Berners-Lee评论说, “今天，我们想做的事情已经不再是通过浏览器观看视频或收听音频，或者在一部手机上运行浏览器。我们希望通过不同的设备，在任何地方，都能够共享照片，网上购物，阅读新闻，以及查找信息。虽然大多数用户对HTML5和开放Web平台（Open Web Platform， OWP）并不熟悉，但是它们正在不断改进用户体验” 。
HTML5带来了一组新的用户体验，如Web的音频和视频不再需要插件，通过Canvas更灵活的完成图像绘制，而不必考虑屏幕的分辨率，浏览器对可扩展矢量图（SVG）和数学标记语言（MathML）的本地支持，通过引入新的注释信息以增强对东亚文字呈现（Ruby）的支持，对富Web应用信息无障碍新特性的支持，等等。
HTML已得到广泛的采用
HTML5在工业界已经得到多年的广泛采用。据2014 Vision Mobile Survey对10000名开发者的调查表明，42%的开发者正在使用HTML, CSS, 以及JavaScript开发移动应用。Gartner也将HTML5列为2015-2016年最重要的10项移动开发技术，并认为HTML5“将成为开发跨平台移动应用的核心技术”。
为了实现HTML5和开放Web平台“一次编写，多处部署”的承诺，自W3C宣布HTML5的完整定义之后的22个月里，W3C技术社区一直在不断丰富HTML5测试套件，其中包括超过100,000个测试用例，并且测试用例的数字仍在不断增长。Test the Web Forward社区的努力对增强开放Web平台的互操作性起到了日益重要的作用。
随着今天HTML5标准的正式发布，HTML5技术使用者将HTML5标准的免费授权承诺中获益。有从超过60家公司根据对W3C的专利政策对HTML5标准中所涉及到的专利进行了免费授权。采用Web技术的开发者将无须支付任何专利费用，这对于进一步鼓励基于Web平台的创新是至关重要的。
下一步计划：为开发者提供更坚实的应用基础，定义新的Web应用场景
尽管HTML5目前已经被广泛采用，我们仍然需要努力实现开放Web平台的另一个承诺——降低功能强大的跨平台应用的开发成本。2014年10月，W3C CEO Jeff Jaffe博士在W3C官方微博指出，“目前HTML5的定义工作已经完成，W3C应当将重点放在增强开放Web平台中对开发者获得成功紧迫且至关重要的部分上”。为了在更广泛的范围内对这些工作的优先级进行讨论并达成共识，Jeff列举了在建造下一代开放Web平台中必须得到加强的“应用基础（Application Fundations）"：
- 安全与隐私（Security and Privacy）：包括身份认证、加密、多因素认证（multi-factor authentication）、隐私保护等。
- Web核心的设计与开发（Core Web Design and Development）：下一代的HTML、样式、布局排版（layout）、图形图像、动画、出版印刷（typography）等。
- 设备集成（Devices Interaction）：访问蓝牙、近场通信设备、震动等硬件和传感器的能力等。
- 应用生命周期（Application Lifecycle）：处理离线需求、消息推送、地理围栏、数据同步等的后台任务能力等。
- 媒体和实时通讯（Media and Real-time Communication）：WebRTC、流媒体支持等。
- 性能调优（Performance and Tuning）：性能数据的获取、性能优化、预先加载（pre-loading）、响应式设计（responsive design）等。
- 可用性与可访问性（Usability and Accessibility）：确保所有人（包括残障人士）能够方便的访问Web，提供更好的多语言支持。
- 服务（Services）：提供对社交Web、支付能力、Web注释（annotations）、Web上的数据的支持。
W3C将在本周举行的W3C技术大会暨顾问委员会会议（TPAC 2014）上讨论这一新框架及W3C的未来工作计划。
每一天，在W3C技术社区内外，新的技术不断出现，更强大的应用基础将使新技术更易于融入开放Web平台。W3C正在增强能力以支持来自在线支付、智能汽车、数字出版、电信及娱乐行业的各种新需求。与此同时，来自180多个社区组和商务组的4500多名工程师正在研讨更多Web技术的新想法，推动Web技术的不断创新。
致谢
W3C感谢HTML5标准首席架构师Ian Hickson (Google)，他为HTML语言的发展做出了巨大的贡献。
W3C感谢HTML工作组的联合主席Paul Cotton (Microsoft)，Sam Ruby (IBM)以及Maciej Stachowiak的出色工作，在他们的领导下，HTML5标准得以顺利发布。W3C也感谢HTML工作的全体成员对HTML标准所做出的巨大贡献。
同时W3C也对下列人士及机构表示衷心感谢：
• W3C交互技术领域负责人Philippe Le Hégaret (W3C)
• W3C HTML工作组联络人Mike Smith (W3C)
• 现任HTML5标准编辑: Robin Berjon (W3C), Steve Faulkner (The Paciello Group), Travis Leithead (Microsoft), Erika Doyle Navara (Microsoft), Edward O'Connor (Apple), 以及Silvia Pfeiffer
• Adobe, Google以及Microsoft，感谢他们为HTML标准提供的专项赞助，以便W3C能够提供更多的人力资源保证HTML标准进程和测试工作
• Adobe, Facebook, Intel, Microsoft, Mozilla以及Opera，感谢他们在W3C标准测试方面所做出的贡献，HTML工作组从中获得巨大支持
• WHATWG, 感谢他们对HTML所做出的贡献
• W3C协议与格式工作组（Protocols and Formats Working Group），感谢他们在HTML5信息无障碍方面所作出的贡献
• 广大的Web技术社区，感谢他们参与HTML5标准的讨论和标准文本的审阅。
我们欢迎您关注和参与W3C的HTML标准计划。更多信息，请参阅：
- W3C发布HTML5正式推荐标准的官方声明（中文、英文），新闻消息（中文、英文）。
关于万维网联盟（W3C）
万维网联盟（World Wide Web Consortium，简称W3C）是由会员组织、全职工作人员、以及公众共同组成的致力于发展互联网标准的国际化组织。 W3C通过创立互联网标准及指导方针来保障互联网长期稳定的发展，开放万维网平台（Open Web Platform）是万维网联盟目前的核心工作。截至今日，W3C在全球拥有400家会员单位，其中中国会员34家（其中大陆地区30家、港澳台地区4家）。W3C主要由如下机构联合管理：美国麻省理工学院计算机科技与人工智能实验室(MIT CSAIL)、总部设于法国的欧洲信息与数学研究联盟(ERCIM)、中国北京航空航天大学(Beihang University)以及日本庆应大学(Keio University)，并且W3C在全球范围内设有办事处。更多信息请见http://www.w3.org，及W3C中文网站 http://www.chinaw3c.org。
2014年是W3C成立20周年纪念，Web诞生25周年纪念。25年前，Tim Berners Lee发明了万维网，并于1984年设立了万维网联盟（W3C）。
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媒体联系人
Ian Jacobs, <[email protected]>, +1.718.260.9447
李安琪, <[email protected]>, +86.10.8231.6341
中文媒体，欢迎与我们联系。查看更多 W3C新闻通稿(Press Release) 及 其他语言翻译 ，感谢 Chunming Hu 及 Angel Li 提供翻译与审阅。
来自W3C会员的评价
ACCESS · Baidu（百度） · CWI · IBM · Intel · Innovimax · IWA/HWG · KDDI · Microsoft · MITRE · Mitsue Links · Mozilla · The Paciello Group · Profium · Samsung · Tencent（腾讯） · Tomo-Digi
ACCESS
ACCESS is pleased to see this HTML5 Recommendation. We think HTML5 is the only media to connect all services, places, devices and people. HTML5 will provide a unified platform not only for the cloud, PCs and smart phones, but also for TV, cars, wearable and other consumer devices, without any additional plugins. We embed Web technologies into various consumer devices and have started a lot of new services. With this momentum behind HTML5, we can accelerate the penetration of "Web Connected Devices" and the "Web of Things" into the wider consumer market, in which people can enjoy innovative Web technologies on every device. ACCESS is committed to supporting W3C activities continuously and contributing to industry and society by embedding Web technologies into our daily life.
-- Kunihiro Ishiguro, Chief Technology Officer, ACCESS CO., LTD.
Baidu（百度）
Baidu is delighted that the HTML 5 and Canvas 2D Candidate Recommendations have been released, as they represent a significant milestone for the Open Web Platform. We believe that HTML 5 and Canvas 2D will help Baidu, the world's largest Chinese search engine, to provide even better service to both our users and to the developer community. As a full member of W3C, Baidu is proud of its contributions to this work, and we look forward to continuing to contribute down the road.
-- Yue Min, AC rep of Baidu
CWI
CWI is proud to have been involved with HTML and its related technologies from the start of W3C, and looks forward to helping it continue to be a strong document format on the Web.
-- Jos Baeten, general director of Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI)
IBM
We believe that the coming together of the W3C and Web Community to produce the HTML5 Recommendation will provide a more stable reference for enterprises needing a cost-effective way to integrate their systems of engagement and record across hybrid clouds. HTML5 simplifies development by providing greater interoperability between browsers and ensuring that the web remains globally accessible.
-- Angel Diaz, Vice President of Open Technology and Cloud Performance, IBM
Intel
Intel strongly supports the power of cross-platform development enabled by HTML5 for both application and website development. We know developers are constantly pushing to maximize revenue by publishing apps that work across multiple screen sizes and operating systems, and HTML5 tools allow them do that while reducing development costs and time to market. Intel recognized this need early, and we are investing in standards development at W3C and software such as the Crosswalk project and Intel XDK that help developers take full advantage of HTML5.
-- Imad Sousou, Vice President and General Manager, Open Source Technology Center, Intel
Innovimax
Innovimax is delighted to see emerging a new milestone of the foundation for the venerable 25 year old Web, a.k.a HTML5. As the cornerstone of the Web, Digital Publishing and Print, the ubiquitous HTML5 is now, more than ever, a key part of the Open Web Platform.
-- Mohamed ZERGAOUI, CTO, Innovimax
Innovimax est ravie de voir émerger une nouvelle révision des fondations du vénérable Web, désormais âgé de 25 ans, avec la version 5.0 d'HTML. Cette pierre angulaire du Web, de l'édition numérique et de l'industrie papier, l'ubiquitaire HTML5 est plus que jamais une partie essentielle de l'Open Web Platform.
-- Mohamed ZERGAOUI, Responsable Stratégie Numérique, Innovimax
IWA/HWG
As global leader association of Web professional we are really excited about the HTML5 as W3C Rec because this will help our members to have the most stable guideline for the development of innovative and responsive web sites and web applications. We was recently involved in HTML5 tour and we found that there is a lot of interest in a stable version of this specification, especially for members that develop web sites for private and public companies. We will support the specification, with also education and outreach for members, and we hope that will be easily implemented by user agent vendors with full accessibility support for people with disabilities.
-- Roberto Scano, W3C Advisory Committee Representative, International Webmasters Association (IWA/HWG)
KDDI
KDDI congratulates W3C on the publication of the HTML5 Recommendation. This publication of a first major new HTML standard in 15 years is an important milestone in the progress of information and communication systems for all people, and another important indicator to us all that mobile technology is now well established as an important part of W3C's One Web vision. It is pleasure for us as a mobile communications service operator that we were able to participate in the innovation that led to the publication of the HTML5 Recommendation. And based on this success, we can now push forward together toward the further evolution of HTML. And we expect that W3C will continue to be the organization that plays the most important role in accelerating that evolution.
-- Masashi Usami, Executive Director, KDDI CORPORATION
Microsoft
It’s a historic moment -- a world of connected devices will connect to the cloud through the W3C HTML5 open standard. At Microsoft Open Technologies, we’re proud of the collaboration and leadership that came together within the W3C to build an Open Web Platform, encouraging interoperability and opening doors for the next generation of the Web, graphics and games.
-- Jean Paoli, president of Microsoft Open Technologies, Inc.
MITRE
The MITRE team is excited about the long-awaited HTML5 standard. Its completion marks a significant advance for the Web, and the timing with W3C's 20th year is perfect. MITRE enthusiastically supports open, vendor-neutral standards and views HTML5 as one of W3C's best efforts. The standard’s richness and flexibility will accelerate generation of applications on an Open Web and will span numerous global user and provider communities.
-- Bede B. McCall, Principal Engineer, The MITRE Corporation
Mitsue Links
Mitsue-Links is very pleased that W3C published a Recommendation of HTML5. At Mitsue-Links, many web pages and applications has been already developed using HTML5 for years, but this new standard will provide more solid foundation for more interoperable web. We also believe that accessibility related features of HTML5 will help us create web pages and applications which are truly usable by anyone, by any device.
-- Kazuhito Kidachi, CTO, Mitsue-Links Co.,Ltd.
株式会社ミツエーリンクスは，W3CがHTML5を勧告されたことを大変喜ばしく思 います．ミツエーリンクスでは，多くのウェブページやウェブアプリケーショ ンで既にHTML5を用いて制作してきましたが，この新たな標準はより相互運用 可能なウェブに向け，さらに強固な土台を提供してくれることでしょう．私た ちはまた，HTML5のもつアクセシビリティ関連機能が，誰でもどんなデバイス でも利用できるウェブページやウェブアプリケーションを生み出す手助けとな ることを信じています．
-- 木達一仁，取締役CTO，株式会社ミツエーリンクス
Mozilla
It’s good to see HTML5 reach the Recommendation stage. We were one of the first organizations involved in HTML5 because we believe in continuing to evolve the open Web platform to support innovation and help users. We contributed many widely adopted technologies such as WebGL and helped pioneer technologies like WebRTC. We have also expanded the functionality of the Web on mobile through the use of WebAPIs, bringing Web app developers the power to access phone hardware. Many of these APIs are currently going through the standardization process. We’re now working with the W3C to help lead the work behind the HTML5 test suite, ensuring that tests can be run in an automated way, so that users and developers can benefit from more consistent behavior between browsers.
-- Andreas Gal, Chief Technology Officer, Mozilla
The Paciello Group
HTML5 is a great leap forward for an accessible web. In HTML5, accessibility is a core design principle. For the first time the semantics of HTML have been mapped, and implementation requirements defined in terms of the way HTML semantics are conveyed to people using assistive technologies. The addition of new interactive controls, native video and captioning, and new structural elements in HTML5, make it easier than ever for developers to create HTML interfaces that are usable by everyone. The inclusion of WAI-ARIA in HTML also provides developers with the tools and information to create accessible custom content and controls that extend the core features of HTML. The Paciello Group (TPG) is both proud and honoured to have contributed to the development of HTML5, but recognises that it is not an end in itself. HTML5 represents a very positive step in the evolution of the language of the web, and TPG welcomes the opportunity to continue contributing to its positive development.
-- Mike Paciello, Founder The Paciello Group (TPG)
Profium
HTML5 represents to us a stable cross-platform technology for interactive applications which we support in our applications. Profium would like to thank those in and outside of W3C who have contributed to the development effort.
-- Janne Saarela, CEO, Profium
Samsung
Samsung Electronics is thrilled that HTML5 has reached Recommendation status. Nowadays, various electronics products including PC, Smartphone and SmartTV feature HTML5, which is a key element for the Open Web Platform. With the completion of HTML5, OWP can start a new revolution in platforms and we hope all devices can connect and communicate via HTML5 in the near future. Samsung Electronics supports the W3C's HTML5 Recommendation in our products, and we hope this will become a leap forward for both the Web technology and Samsung.
-- Sungho Choi, Vice President, Samsung Electronics
Tencent（腾讯）
This Recommendation is a powerful boost to development of Tencent's next-generation products with a wider adoption of this technology. We have been staying at the innovation edge of HTML5 since its draft stage, and integrate it in a wide range of our products, in particular QQ, Qzone, and WeChat, each is the largest of its kind (IM platform, SNS platform, mobile SNS platform) in China and benefit from it for optimized performance and competitive advantage. We will continue our dedication to this and other W3C technologies, with which we expect to offer greater use experience and products.
-- Stone Huang, Technical Director of Qzone, Tencent
Tomo-Digi
The finalization of HTML5.0 will further accelerate the adoption and implementation of Web standards in the broadcasting industry. Tomo-Digi would like to thank W3C HTML Working Group members, public contributors, and the W3C team for the effort necessary on this Recommendation.
-- Shoko Okuma, W3C Advisory Committee Representative, Tomo-Digi Corporation
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